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How to Apply for an Internship at KSEB in Kerala How to Apply for an Internship at KSEB in Kerala: A Complete Guide If you're a student in Kerala pursuing engineering, diploma, or vocational courses, an internship at Kerala State Electricity Board Limited (KSEB Ltd) can provide valuable hands-on experience in the power sector. Here's a step-by-step guide to help you navigate the application process. 📌 Eligibility Criteria KSEB offers internships to students enrolled in the following programs: ITI / VHSE Diploma B.Tech / BE M.Tech / ME BSc / MBA / Law Internships are usually for a minimum of 5 working days. The number of students per batch is limited and varies by training center. 📝 Application Process Visit the OnTraK Portal and register or log in. Select your preferred training center and available dates. If applying as a group, enter the details of all team memb...

How to Calculate EMF of a DC Generator (Wave & Lap Winding Explained) ⚡ How to Calculate EMF of a DC Generator: Wave and Lap Winding Explained When working with DC generators, one of the most important concepts is how to calculate the generated EMF (Electromotive Force) . Whether you're studying for exams or working on electrical machines, this post gives you a step-by-step example with both wave and lap winding types. 🧮 Problem Statement The armature of a DC generator has 51 slots , each containing 20 conductors . The flux per pole is 0.007 Wb . The generator runs at a speed of 1500 RPM and has 4 poles . Calculate the generated EMF when the armature is: (i) Wave wound (ii) Lap wound 📘 Formula for EMF of a DC Generator The EMF equation of a DC generator is: \[ E = \frac{P \cdot \Phi \cdot Z \cdot N}{60 \cdot A} \] E = Generated EMF (Volts) ...

How Ancient Scientists Spent Their Time: A Glimpse into the Past In today’s world of advanced labs and digital tools, it’s easy to forget that many of the greatest scientific discoveries in history were made by individuals with limited resources. Ancient and classical scientists spent their time with intense curiosity, discipline, and a deep passion for learning. Here's how they used their days to change the world forever. 🔬 1. Reading and Observation Much of their day was spent reading scrolls, handwritten books, and translating texts written in Latin, Greek, or Arabic. Observation of nature was also a major part of their time – studying stars, motion, plants, and patterns in daily life. Example: Galileo Galilei spent nights watching the moon and planets with his self-made telescope. Newton observed falling apples and questioned the laws behind motion. 🔧 2. Hands-On Experiments With no modern laboratories, ancient scientists built their own tools and experimented us...

In DC machines, the armature winding is a critical part that determines how current flows and how voltage is developed. There are two primary types of windings used in electrical machines: Lap Winding and Wave Winding . Understanding the differences between them is essential for students and professionals in electrical engineering. S. No. Lap Winding Wave Winding 1 No. of parallel paths = No. of poles \( A = P \) No. of parallel paths always = 2 \( A = 2 \) 2 No. of brushes = No. of poles No. of brushes = 2 (irrespective of number of poles) 3 Suitable for low voltage, high current applications Suitable for high voltage, low current applications 4 Resultant pitch: \( Y_R = Y_b - Y_F \) ...

D.C. (Direct Current) generators convert mechanical energy into electrical energy using the principle of electromagnetic induction. One of the most fundamental concepts in understanding D.C. generators is the E.M.F. equation , which helps determine the voltage generated. 🔍 Important Terms Φ (phi) = Flux per pole (in Weber) Z = Total number of armature conductors N = Speed of rotation of armature in revolutions per minute (r.p.m) P = Number of poles A = Number of parallel paths in the armature E = E.M.F. induced per parallel path (terminal voltage) ⚡ Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction According to Faraday's Law: Average e.m.f. per conductor = dΦ/dt = Flux cut / Time taken 🔁 Step-by-Step Derivation Step 1: Flux Cut in One Revolution Flux per revolution = Φ × P Step 2: Revolutions per Second n = N / 60 Step 3: Time for One Revolution Time taken = 60 / N Step 4: E.M.F. per Conductor E co...

A DC generator is a machine that converts mechanical energy into direct current (DC) electrical energy. To understand how it functions, let’s explore its main construction parts one by one using a labeled diagram. 🖼️ DC Generator Diagram D.C. Generator 🔩 1. Hook The hook is provided at the top of the yoke for easy lifting and transportation of the generator. Though not a functional electrical part, it is mechanically important. 🧲 2. Pole Poles are mounted on the inner side of the yoke. They serve two main purposes: supporting the field windings and distributing the magnetic flux uniformly across the armature. Each pole has a core and a shoe to spread out the magnetic field. 🏗️ 3. Yoke The yoke is the outer frame of the generator. It provides structural support and forms a part of the magnetic circuit. It is usually made of cast iron or steel for mechanical strength and magnetic conduction. 🌀 4. Field Winding Field windings are copper coils wound around the pol...

A simple loop generator is a basic form of an electric generator that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy through electromagnetic induction. Construction A coil of wire, labeled ABCD , is mounted on a shaft and placed between the poles of a magnet. The ends of the coil are connected to two slip-rings ( S₁ and S₂ ), which rotate with the coil. Stationary carbon brushes ( b₁ and b₂ ) maintain contact with these rings and transfer the generated current to an external load resistance R . Working Principle As the coil rotates uniformly in a counter-clockwise direction, the conductors AB and CD cut the magnetic field lines, inducing an EMF according to Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction. Position-wise EMF Analysis: 0°: Conductors move parallel to magnetic flux; induced EMF is zero . 0°–90°: EMF increases, reaching a maximum at 90° . 90°–180°: EMF reduces to zero again. 180°–270°: EMF ...